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This Level 2 data package contains species level estimated abundances, including zero counts, and estimated mean number of female mosquitoes per trap derived from the NEON Mosquitoes sampled from CO2 traps (DP1.10043.001), RELEASE-2024 Level 0 data (https://doi.org/10.48443/3cyq-6v47). The data set includes mosquito records of traps collecting mosquito samples at night, for up to 24 trap hours, across a total of 20 terrestrial core and 27 terrestrial gradient sites from 2014 to 2022. To ensure high confidence in abundance estimates, records were only included when at least 90% of collected individuals were identified to sex, and 90% of female specimens were identified to species. Information across multiple QC/QA fields within the NEON mosquito data was evaluated to identify and exclude records where confidence in estimated abundances may have been compromised. Species level zero counts were added for all species collected at least once within the sampling year and trap location. Additionally, species level zero counts were included for trap events where only male mosquitoes had been collected or where QC/QA remarks indicated traps were inactive due to cold temperatures. The data set provides an analysis ready time series of estimated abundances across NEON sites and plots. An R Markdown file that contains descriptions of the QC/QA and data filtering steps along with annotated code, as well as data tables used to filter active and inactive trap events based on QC/QA fields, are published with the data package. Any questions about this data package should be directed to Amely Bauer listed under contacts. 

Abstract Insects often exhibit irruptive population dynamics determined by environmental conditions. We examine if populations of theCulex tarsalismosquito, a West Nile virus (WNV) vector, fluctuate synchronously over broad spatial extents and multiple timescales and whether climate drives synchrony inCx. tarsalis, especially at annual timescales, due to the synchronous influence of temperature, precipitation, and/or humidity. We leveraged mosquito collections across 9 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites distributed in the interior West and Great Plains region USA over a 45-month period, and associated gridMET climate data. We utilized wavelet phasor mean fields and wavelet linear models to quantify spatial synchrony for mosquitoes and climate and to calculate the importance of climate in explainingCx. tarsalissynchrony. We also tested whether the strength of spatial synchrony may vary directionally across years. We found significant annual synchrony inCx. tarsalis, and short-term synchrony during a single period in 2018. Mean minimum temperature was a significant predictor of annualCx. tarsalisspatial synchrony, and we found a marginally significant decrease in annualCx. tarsalissynchrony. SignificantCx. tarsalissynchrony during 2018 coincided with an anomalous increase in precipitation. This work provides a valuable step toward understanding broadscale synchrony in a WNV vector.